The Circassian Home Museum, founded by the researcher and historian Adnan Bazadiq in Zarqa city, east of Jordan’s capital, Amman, is one of the few museums in the world that collects items representing the life of Circassians. The museum reflects the history of the Circassians, ancient customs, contemporary life, culture, food, and professions.
The museum consists of several sections containing rare documentaries, artistic and cultural films of this ethnic group, as well as large black and white photographs of Circassian figures hanging on the walls. Many years ago, Adnan Bazadok began researching and archiving everything related to Circassians in the world and turned his house into a Circassian heritage museum visited by many Jordanians and foreigners to learn about their history and culture. About 200 thousand Circassians live in Jordan, according to unofficial figures. Circassians came to Jordan in 1878, after Tsarist Russia displaced them during the Caucasus War. They live in Amman and Zarqa, enjoy all rights, and hold Jordanian citizenship since the establishment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.












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Circassians at Steps International School participated in our Culture Day and impressed us with their dance, food and traditional clothes.
#steps_international_school #sis_k12 #culture_day #we_build_future_leaders

The Ottoman penetration into Europe in the 1350s and their capture of Constantinople later in 1453 opened new floodgates for slave-trade from the European front. In their last attempt to overrun Europe in 1683, the Ottoman army, although defeated, returned from the Gates of Vienna with 80,000 captives.874 An immense number of slaves flowed from the Crimea, the Balkans and the steppes of West Asia to Islamic markets. BD Davis laments that the ‘‘Tartars and other Black Sea peoples had sold millions of Ukrainians, Georgians, Circassians, Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Slavs and Turks,’’ which received little notice.875 Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles and Russian between 1468 and 1694. 876 According to another estimate, between 1450 and 1700, the Crimean Tatars exported some 10,000 slaves, including some Circassians, annually—that is, some 2,500,000 slaves in all, to the Ottoman Empire.877 The Tatar slave-raiding Khans returned with 18,000 slaves from Poland (1463), 100,000 from Lvov (1498), 60,000 from South Russia (1515), 50,000–100,000 from Galicia (1516), during the ‘harvesting of the steppe.’ Numbers from Moscow (1521), 800,000 were taken and from Valynia (1676), 400,000 were taken. 800,000 from Moscow (1521), 200,000 from South Russia (1555), 100,000 from Moscow (1571), 50,000 from Poland (1612), 60,000 from South Russia (1646), 100,000 from Poland (1648), 300,000 from Ukraine (1654), 400,000 from Valynia (1676) and thousands from Poland (1694). Besides these major catches, they made countless more Jihad raids during the same period, which yielded a few to tens of thousands of slaves.878 These figures of enslavement must be considered in the context that the population of the Tatar Khanate was only about 400,000 at the time. (1463-1694) while sources are incomplete, conservative tabulation of the slave raids against the Eastern European population indicate that at least 7 Million European people-men, women, children were enslaved by Muslims.

Sources suggest that in the few years between 1436-1442, some 500,000 people were seized in the Balkans. Many of the captives died in forced marches towards Anatolia (Turkey). Contemporary chronicles note that the Ottomans reduced masses of the inhabitants of Greece, Romania, and the Balkans to slavery eg from Moree (1460)-70,000 and Transylvania (1438) - 60,000-70,000 and 300,000-600,000 from Hungary and 10,000 from Mytilene/Mitilini on Lesbos island (1462) (Bulgaru p 567) and so it continued.

Barbary Slavery
Ohio State University history Professor Robert Davis describes the White Slave Trade as minimized by most modern historians in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800 (Palgrave Macmillan). Davis estimates that 1 million to 1.25 million white Christian Europeans were enslaved in North Africa, from the beginning of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th, by slave traders from Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli alone (these numbers do not include the European people which were enslaved by Morocco and by other raiders and traders of the Mediterranean Sea coast), 16th- and 17th-century customs statistics suggest that Istanbul's additional slave import from the Black Sea may have totaled around 2.5 million from 1450 to 1700. The markets declined after the loss of the Barbary Wars and finally ended in the 1830s, when the region was conquered by France.

In 1544, the island of Ischia off Naples was ransacked, taking 4,000 inhabitants prisoners, while some 9,000 inhabitants of Lipari Island off the north coast of Sicily were enslaved.870 Turgut Reis, a Turkish pirate chief, ransacked the coastal settlements of Granada (Spain) in 1663 and carried away 4,000 people as slaves.

The barbaric slave-raiding activities of the Muslim pirates had a telling effect on Europe. France, England, and Spain lost thousands of ships, devastating to their sea-borne trade. Long stretches of the coast in Spain and Italy were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants until the nineteenth century. The finishing industry was virtually devastated.

Paul Baepler’s White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives lists a collection of essays by nine American captives held in North Africa. According to his book, there were more than 20,000 white Christian slaves by 1620 in Algiers alone; their number swelled to more than 30,000 men and 2,000 women by the 1630s. There were a minimum of 25,000 white slaves at any time in Sultan Moulay Ismail’s palace, records Ahmed ez-Zayyani; Algiers maintained a population of 25,000 white slaves between 1550 and 1730, and their numbers could double at certain times. During the same period, Tunis and Tripoli each maintained a white slave population of about 7,500. The Barbary pirates enslaved some 5,000 Europeans annually over a period of nearly three centuries.

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Bande-annonce du film Tesnota : une vie à l'étroit<br />1998, Nalchik, Nord Caucase, Russie. Ilana, 24 ans, travaille dans le garage de son père pour l'aider à joindre les deux bouts. Un soir, la famille et les amis se réunissent pour célébrer les fiançailles de son jeune frère David. Dans la nuit, David et sa fiancée sont kidnappés et une rançon réclamée. Au sein de cette communauté juive repliée sur elle-même, appeler la police est exclu. Comment faire pour réunir la somme nécessaire et sauver David ? Ilana et ses parents, chacun à leur façon, iront au bout de leur choix, au risque de bouleverser l'équilibre familial...<br />www.premiere.fr/film/Tesnota-une-vie-a-l-etroit

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Enjoy Calm & Soothing music for Relax, Study, Read, Spa, Sleeping Music and Relaxing you mind. Just concentrate and imagine...

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➖NIGHTBOT➖
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A: There are +/- 400 songs. You can find them in my playlists. See the links above.

Q: Why do you not play songs from popular artists like KYGO, Martin Garrix or Calvin Harris?
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Q: What’s The Good Life?
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Professor Walter Richmond gives a presentation on his upcoming book that speaks about the Russian policy to exterminate and murder the Circassian people.

Circassian Memorial Day in Anaklia (Georgia)

nart epos in abzakh by мэлайчэт пхьачияшь
find out more at www.abzakh.com

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Maykop cegu

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