This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Circassian beauties


00:03:27 1 Literary allusions
00:05:38 2 Circassian features
00:12:20 2.1 Pseudoscientific explanations for the extreme white skin
00:14:14 3 Pseudoscientific racialist theories
00:18:16 4 Advertising of beauty products
00:21:11 5 Nineteenth-century sideshow attraction
00:23:47 6 In popular culture
00:24:14 7 See also



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Circassian beauties is a phrase used to refer to an idealized image of the women of the Circassian people of the Northwestern Caucasus. A fairly extensive literary history suggests that Circassian women were thought to be unusually beautiful, spirited, and elegant, and as such were desirable as concubines.
This reputation dates back to the Late Middle Ages, when the Circassian coast was frequented by traders from Genoa, and the founder of the Medici dynasty, Cosimo de' Medici, had an illegitimate son from a Circassian slave. During the Ottoman Empire and Persian Safavid and Qajar dynasties, Circassian women living as slaves in the Sultan's Imperial Harem and Shah's harems started to build their reputation as extremely beautiful and genteel, which then became a common trope in Western Orientalism.As a result of this reputation, in Europe and America Circassians were often characterised as ideals of feminine beauty in poetry and art. Cosmetic products were advertised, from the 18th century on, using the word "Circassian" in the title, or claiming that the product was based on substances used by the women of Circassia.
In consequence, most wives of several Ottoman Sultans were ethnic Circassians converted to Islam, e.g. Valide Sultans (Empress mothers), including Perestü Valide Sultan, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan, Şevkefza Valide Sultan, Tirimüjgan Valide Sultan, Nükhetseza Başhanımefendi, other important Hatuns (Ladies) and Sultans like Şemsiruhsar Hatun and Saçbağlı Sultan, Haseki sultans (chief consorts) such as Mahidevran Haseki Sultan, Hümaşah Haseki Sultan, Hatice Muazzez Haseki Sultan, and Ayşe Haseki Sultan besides numerous Başkadınefendis (most senior consorts), including Bedrifelek I, Bidar II, Kamures I, and Servetseza I as well as Kadınefendis (senior consorts) such as Bezmara VI, Düzdidil III, Hayranıdil II, Meyliservet IV, Mihrengiz II, Neşerek III, Nurefsun II, Reftaridil II, Şayan III, amongst many others, or İkbals (honoured lady consorts), most notable of them being Cevherriz II, Ceylanyar II, Dilfirib I, Nalanıdil III, and Nergis IV in addition to Gözdes (favourite lady consorts), including Dürdane I, Hüsnicenan III, Safderun IV, amongst others. The "golden age" of the Circassian beauty may be considered to be between the 1770s, when the Russian Empire seized the Crimean Khanate and cut off their slave trade in Eastern European women, which increased the demand for Circassian women in Near Eastern harems; and the 1860s, when the Russians destroyed Circassia itself.
In the 1860s the showman P. T. Barnum exhibited women who he claimed were Circassian beauties. They wore a distinctive curly, big hair style, which had no precedent in earlier portrayals of Circassians, but which was soon copied by other female performers in the United States, who became known as "moss-haired girls". This hair style was a sort of a exhibit's trademark and was achieved by washing the hair of women in beer, drying it and then teasing it. It is not clear why Barnum chose this hairstyle. It may have been a reference to the Circassian fur hat, rather than the hair.
There were also several classical Turkish music pieces and poems that praise the beauty of the "Lepiska Saçlı Çerkes" (Straight, flaxen-haired Circassian; "lepiska" refers to long blonde hair which is soft and straight, as if flatironed).

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Vier Abenteurer tun sich zusammen, als ihnen ein millionenschwerer Rancher ein Vermögen bietet, falls sie seine Frau zurückbringen, die mexikanische Banditen entführt haben. Der Weg nach Mexiko durch die Wüste ist weit, gefährlich und voller Überraschungen. Die größte Überraschung aber wartet auf sie, als sie ihr Ziel erreichen und feststellen: Die Frau ihres Auftraggebers will eigentlich gar nicht gerettet werden! (Originaltitel - The Professionals (1966)) © 1966, renewed 1994 Pax Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Circassian Kafa, No. 3 · Ahmad Ai

Circassia 2009-2019

℗ 2021 Ahmad Ai

Released on: 2021-01-22

Auto-generated by YouTube.

The Circassians (Kabardians)

Aljeel Al Jadeed Festival Circassian Club Eslamy Dance

Nik Sharma shares one of his favorite recipes: Egyptian-British cookbook author Claudia Roden’s recipe for classic Çerkez Tavuğu, aka Circassian Chicken. "It’s one of the creamiest, most comforting chicken dishes you’ll ever taste," Nik writes. "Most importantly, it relies on a very unassuming trick to thicken the sauce—nuts." SUBSCRIBE TO FOOD52 ►► https://f52.co/2HN7Dp8

Serves: 4
Prep time: 20 min
Cook time: 1 hrs 15 min

Ingredients:
1 large roasting chicken (about 4 pounds)
2 large onions, quartered
2 stalks celery
Salt and black pepper
1 cup shelled nuts (walnuts, almonds, or hazelnuts, or a mixture)
1 cup fine dry white bread crumbs (optional)
2 tablespoons oil
1 teaspoon paprika
3 cups long-grain rice
2 1/2 tablespoons butter

FULL RECIPE ►►https://f52.co/2XHAHpx

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Piste de la bande-son de l'anime Ookami Kakushi composée par Takumi Ozawa

1998, Nalchik. A Jewish family is in trouble: the youngest son and his bride do not come home, and in the morning, a ran | dG1fdkdPeVE3SXdkT0U