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400 Menschen lebten in dem Kibbuz Kfar Azar in Israel von der Landwirtschaft, bis am vergangenen Wochenende bewaffnete Hamas-Angreifer aus dem nur zwei Kilometer entfernten Gazastreifen die Gemeinschaft überfielen. Wie viele Bewohner sie ermordeten, ist noch nicht klar.

El exfutbolista de Dinamo de Moscú, Alan Gatagov anotó un sensacional tanto con el Tomsk que ayudó para doblegar al Spartak Nalchik.

from old archives, times of small local TV company called NTR.

During the revival of nature, the spirits first return to the air, then water and lastly, to the earth, with a week in between each. It is celebrated in the Spring Equinox the day that the spirits return to the earth, in the name of Sozeresh, besides Tkhashkho. It is accepted as the end of Winter and the beginning of Summer in the Circassian Solar calendar. It is both a familial and communal holiday.

His idol, the seven-branched hawthorn was kept in the granaries of the homesteads. On the evening of the day before the Vernal Equinox, the members approach the granary. The daughter-in-law of the household would enter the granary and lock the door. She would then light the seven candles affixed on the branches of the idol, herself facing east. The senior male member of the house would call out to the Golden Rider: “Sozeresh, open the doors and let us in!” She would then go in and fetch the idol, open the doors and bring it in front of the family hearth with cheer and music from the others. It would be placed erect, its seven branches adorned with seven candles and a wheel of smoked Circassian cheese attached in the centre. The members of the household then would join hands around the idol and the matron of the family or the eldest daughter would make the prayer:

Sozeresh!
We thank you for the harvest of the Summer,
We beseech you to give us bountiful harvest in the future,
We beseech you, Sozeresh,
To protect our harvest from theft and our barn from fire!

The next ritual is called Masch’oshkhatykh (МашӀошхьэтыхь) “The Hearth Sacrifice”, which is held in each and every household simultaneously right after the extraction of the Sozeresh’s idol. The feasting began after the immolation of a black cow or black ram or black hen depending on the wealth of the family in the consecrated hearth, after which the Tkhamade would line up along with the members of the household by the hearth and voice the prayer and raises a toast, concluding the ritual:

With lasting fire in our hearth,
And well-lit and hot stoves,
Lacking no victuals to boil,
Nor crops to cook,
May Tkhashkho see us through next year!

The next phase is the feast, during which all sorts of food and drink are served throughout the night, and games are played to pass the time. This is to prevent oneself from falling asleep, for it is an ill omen and bad luck to slumber during this auspicious night. Before dawn, all able-bodied attendants would go to a nearby body of water such as a river or a stream and wash, no matter how cold the water may be, hardening their bodies and tempering their souls.

After coming out of the water, drying and warming themselves, people would gather in the sacred grove. They would tie colourful ribbons on the branches of the elder oak, naming their wish with the tightening of the knot. At dawn, everyone would face the east and greet the sun. The Tkhamade, with a bowl of bakhsym in one hand and a cheese pie in the other, would make a prayer:

O’ New Year’s light,
Enter out homes bringing happiness and goodness with you!
May disease and misfortune bypass us
A peaceful sky shine over us,
And our hearth be full of food,
And everything that your heart desires is in our hands!
Let's say “Amin” so that the coming year will be happy for all of us!

Throughout the following two days after the day of Vernal Equinox, relatives and neighbours would begin visiting one another to vocalise their wishes for them. The visitors would not recite the cliche wishes such as health, abundance, wealth, et cetera but directly name things that the members of the household lack and very much like to have. This was done by first asking for the thing or things from the host that they know they don’t have, to which the host replies saying that they would have never refused to serve the things that they ask for had they had them in the first place, and so the guests express their wishes.

Khurome (Хъуромэ) is an originally pagan holiday practise, later adapted into Christianity and celebrated on the 7th of January as the Orthodox Christmas. It seems as though Khurome normally was a continuation of the New Year celebrations, done during the second and/or third day of the three-day holiday, in which elders would parade the settlement, announcing their toasts, while the young collect food from doors while singing praises and wishes of abundance and health.

Households would donate their food generously, as the deed would soothe the troubled souls of the deceased, also because the year to come would be exiguous for the stingy. After the completion of these parades, the groups would convene in a designated place to cook and eat the food.

At the end of the three days, the idol of Sozeresh would then be taken back to the granary, where it would rest until the next year’s celebrations.

The day after, adults would begin a fast that lasts for forty-eight days, abstaining from meat and eggs.

Source: Khabzist Paganism © 2023 Forge of Tlepsh Digital Art Workshop

Karachay-Cherkessia is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Caucasian-Turkic Karachay people and the Cherkess or Circassian people. Karachays form the largest ethnic group at around 44% of the population, followed by ethnic Russians (27%) and Cherkess (13%). The Cherkess are mostly of the Besleney and Kabardin tribes. The republic has five official languages: Russian, Abaza, Cherkess (Kabardian), Karachay-Balkar, and Nogai.[12]

The majority of the republic's territory is within the Caucasus Mountains, except for a small strip at the northern edge of the Don Steppe. Karachay-Cherkessia is bordered by Krasnodar Krai to the west, Stavropol Krai to the north-east, Kabardino-Balkaria to the south-east, and an international border with Georgia to the south-west. Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, is located on the border with Kabardino-Balkaria

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Çerkesya Tarihi - Черкесия Исторя - Circassian History - Адыгэм и Тхыдэ - Geschichte von Tscherkessen - Çerkesce - Adığabze - Адыгэбзэ

Producer: Askarbi Naghaplev Aminat, Maykop 2007 Thanks to Janbolat from NJ

Hayreddin Pasha (Arabic: خير الدين باشا التونسي‎, Khair al-Din Pasha al-Tunsi, c.1822-1890) was an Ottoman politician who was born to a Circassian family , and became a Grand vizier of Ottoman Tunisia then a Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was a Ottoman Tunisian political reformer during a period of growing European ascendancy. He rose to become the chief minister of the state.

Of Circassian origin, Hayreddin was born in Abkhazia into "a family of warrior notables". His father Hassan Leffch, a local chieftain, died fighting against a Russian attack on the city of Sukhum. Thereafter as a young orphan Hayreddin was sold into slavery, then still a familiar event for Circassian youth. At Istanbul, however, he was eventually traded into a prestigious household, that of the notable Tahsin Bey, a Cypriot Ottoman who was the naqib al-ashraf (head of the Prophet's descendants) and qadi al-'askar (chief judge of the army) of Anatolia, and a poet.

Tahsin Bey moved the boy to his country palace at Kanlica near the Bosporus, where he became the childhood companion of the Bey's son for a span of years. Khayr al-Din received a "first-rate education" which included the Islamic curriculum, also the Turkish language, and perhaps French; yet he was not raised as a mamluk. Following "the son's tragic premature death" Khayr al-Din was again sold, in Istanbul by Tahsin Bey to an envoy of Ahmed Bey of Tunis. This new uprooting would obviously provoke emotional turmoil in Khayr al-Din, then about 17 years old. Soon he was on board a ship bound for Africa.

Circa 1840 Hayreddin became situated at the Bardo Palace, in the court of Ahmad Bey (r.1837-1855), as a mamluk bi-l-saraya [inner palace retainer]. He resumed his high-level studies, mainly at the Bardo Military Academy (al-maktab al-Harbi) a nearby institution newly established by the bey. A key part of his education now was learning to converse in Arabic, also acquaintance with French. At the Husaynid court he abilities were soon recognized; he became favored with the attention and trust of Ahmad Bey. He rose quickly in the elite cavalry, the nucleus of the bey's new army. Moreover, during the 1840s and 1850s he was sent by the Bay on several key diplomatic missions, e.g., to the Ottoman Porte at Istanbul, which was then pursuing its Tanzimat reforms, and to European capitals, including Paris. His political career thus began auspiciously under this famously modernizing ruler.

In 1846 he accompanied the bey, as part of small staff which included the influential advisor Bin Diyaf, during a two-month state visit to France. This trip was of a special cultural and political significant in that the orthodox bey traveled for an extended stay to a non-Islamic country in order to acquire familiarity with its modern methods of operation and governance. The trip "expanded the cultural space deemed acceptable for Muslim rulers." The French took care to show France to advantage; the small Tunisian party was well received by top government officials and leading private citizens. "Having traveled beyond the land of Islam, Ahmad Bey was blessed upon his return to Tunis by the grand mufti." In 1853 Hayreddin was elevated to the highest military grade, commander of the cavalry; he also then became an aide-de-camp of the bey. Yet shortly thereafter he was sent to Paris to arrange a loan for the bey's regime, but where instead he spend four years attempting to reclaim large sums embezzled by the notable Mahmud bin 'Ayyad, former head of the newly created national bank of Tunis, who with foresight had already secured French citizenship. During his years occupied with negotiations in Paris, Hayreddin also managed to browse libraries and bookshops, to improve his French, asking many questions, and to study European society, industry, and finance.
Because of the dire financial situation caused in part by the embezzlement of bin 'Ayyad, the bey's loan did not appear prudent to Hayreddin, according to Prof. Abun-Nasr. Nonetheless, the bey had stifled most political opposition to his financial schemes by long cultivation of the urban ulama and the rural tribal leaders. Due to Hayreddin's passive resistance, however, the loan was still being negotiated when Ahmed Bey died in 1855.

Circassian in Diaspora :Challenges and Solutions
25/9 /2021. Istanbul

кавказ адыгэ нысащэ (1) -- a circassian wedding in the caucasus --- a soviet era documentary

АДЫГЭХЭР .الشركس cherkess çerkes

hakuna mungu kama wewe

Circassian Activists from all over the world call for the recognition of the Circassian Genocide, No Sochi 2014, and a Free Circassia Now on May 21, Circassian Genocide Memorial Day

a patriotic song from maikop, "Adyghé l׀ypqu aué dunajam tetxér zydéĝusu uréd qydvĝé׀uét" roughly translated: Oh adyghe people all over the world let us all sing this hymn together.