(20 Aug 2012) LEAD-IN:
The fighting in Syria is spilling out across the Middle East as refugees flee.
People from one ethnic group, the Circassians are escaping to Russia to find their long lost ancestors in the North Caucasus.
In the 1860s they fled to Syria to escape fighting in their ancestral homeland, and now they are trying to return.
STORYLINE:
Rim Kray is a refugee from Aleppo in Syria, and now she resides in this small, cramped room with her two sons.
She is living in a single room in a sanatorium in Nalchik in Russia's Caucasus region.
The refugee from Aleppo says she was worried for her two sons' safety, so the family left Syria for Russia.
"We were afraid of bombings and armed people who were attacking. So because of the kids we had to leave everything we had there and go away," she says.
In the 1860s many Circassians such as Kray's ancestors fled Russia.
The Circassians fiercely resisted the Russian czarist conquest that ended in the 1860s after decades of scorched-earth warfare, mass killings or expulsions that some historians and politicians consider genocide.
Now, hundreds of Circassians are fleeing war-torn Syria for this remote Russian region of soaring peaks and lush forests.
In the coming months, thousands more are expected to arrive in Kabardino-Balkariya, a Caucasus province the size of Maryland with a population of less than 900,000, two-thirds of which is ethnic Circassian.
Circassians were widely dispersed in the Russian expulsions.
An estimated 2 million live in Turkey, another 100,000 in Syria and other sizable populations are in Jordan and the United States. But their sense of ethnic unity remains strong and the pull of their homeland compelling.
The region they have come back to is afflicted by violence, too. The Caucasus republics are plagued by an Islamic insurgency that spread from Chechnya's separatist wars.
A brazen 2005 raid of Islamists on Nalchik left 130 people dead, and Kabardino-Balkariya still experiences occasional small clashes.
Despite the violence, Circassians say they feel comfortable in their ancestral homeland.
But the refugees arriving say the economic prospects in the area are greater than in the Middle East.
Natai al-Sharkas, a 35-year-old Syrian refugee from Damascus says some of the conflict in the Caucasus are similar to the Middle East.
Al Sharkas's great-grandfather Koushoukou, his brother and two cousins were forcibly drafted and sent to the Russian-Turkish war of the late 1870s.
They had to fight Ottoman Turks - fellow Muslims whose sultans supported Circassian resistance and provided refuge for hundreds of thousands of Circassians. After killing his officer in Bulgaria, Koushoukou joined the Turkish military and ended his life in Damascus - part of Ottoman Turkey at the time.
Al Sharkas, which means Circassian in Arabic, used a network of family connections, along with Facebook, to find relatives in Kabardino-Balkariya and other parts of Russia.
He encourages his Syrian relatives to follow him to the Caucasus, although now, because of the fighting, it hardly seems possible.
"It's the same situation in the Middle East, you know, you always have problems almost everywhere, such kind of problems. If it's not some Islamic insurgency, so it will be mafia and criminal activities. So, everywhere in the world you have this situation. The major problem is the economical problem, I believe, and here, I think that Caucasus has the huge opportunity to be developed and to be a very developed area," says al-Sharkas.
Without residence and work permits, they will have to leave the country when their visas expire.

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Китаева ФатIима. «Йхьапщу адзын». Ажваква – Цекъва Инна, амакъым – Амирина
Фатима Китаева. «Золотая осень». Слова Инны Цековой, музыка Амирины
Гала-концерт "Абаза - песня года 2007 - 2012 - нам 5 лет!".

#CircassianGenocide #UntoldHistory #RememberingTheLost #JusticeForCircassians

Today, 25 April, marks Circassian Flag Day. The elegant and aesthetically pleasing Circassian (Cherkess) flag serves not only as the national symbol of the Republic of Adyghea but also as the emblem for all Circassians, signifying their transnational spiritual and cultural unity.

See: Samir Khotqo: "The creation of the Circassian flag is connected to the pan-Circassian mission of Safer-bey Zaneqo" https://abkhazworld.com/aw/int....erview/2305-samir-kh

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- WEB https://trailersyestrenos.es <br />- TWITTER: https://twitter.com/TrailersyEstren <br />- FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/trailersyestrenos <br />- INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/trailersyestrenos <br />- GOOGLE+: https://www.google.com/+TrailersyEstrenos <br /> <br />Sinopsis: 1998, Nalchik, Cáucaso del Norte, Rusia. Ilana, de 24 años, trabaja en el garaje de su padre para ayudarlo a llegar a fin de mes. Una noche sus familiares y amigos se reúnen para celebrar el compromiso de boda de su hermano menor, David. Después de la celebración, David y su futura esposa desaparecen y a la mañana siguiente la familia recibe una nota de secuestro pidiendo un rescate. Desesperados, Ilana y su familia deciden buscar ayuda a su alrededor. Pero, ¿hasta dónde están dispuestos a llegar para salvar la vida de David? <br /> <br />Director: Kantemir Balagov <br />Reparto: Darya Zhovner, Olga Dragunova, Veniamin Kac, Atrem Cipin, Nazir Zhukov <br /> <br />Estreno en España: 8 de diciembre de 2017 <br /> <br />(El trailer pertenece a la productora y distribuidora de la película y ha sido subido sin ánimo de lucro)

katusha next to kfar giladi

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The Ottoman penetration into Europe in the 1350s and their capture of Constantinople later in 1453 opened new floodgates for slave-trade from the European front. In their last attempt to overrun Europe in 1683, the Ottoman army, although defeated, returned from the Gates of Vienna with 80,000 captives.874 An immense number of slaves flowed from the Crimea, the Balkans and the steppes of West Asia to Islamic markets. BD Davis laments that the ‘‘Tartars and other Black Sea peoples had sold millions of Ukrainians, Georgians, Circassians, Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Slavs and Turks,’’ which received little notice.875 Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles and Russian between 1468 and 1694. 876 According to another estimate, between 1450 and 1700, the Crimean Tatars exported some 10,000 slaves, including some Circassians, annually—that is, some 2,500,000 slaves in all, to the Ottoman Empire.877 The Tatar slave-raiding Khans returned with 18,000 slaves from Poland (1463), 100,000 from Lvov (1498), 60,000 from South Russia (1515), 50,000–100,000 from Galicia (1516), during the ‘harvesting of the steppe.’ Numbers from Moscow (1521), 800,000 were taken and from Valynia (1676), 400,000 were taken. 800,000 from Moscow (1521), 200,000 from South Russia (1555), 100,000 from Moscow (1571), 50,000 from Poland (1612), 60,000 from South Russia (1646), 100,000 from Poland (1648), 300,000 from Ukraine (1654), 400,000 from Valynia (1676) and thousands from Poland (1694). Besides these major catches, they made countless more Jihad raids during the same period, which yielded a few to tens of thousands of slaves.878 These figures of enslavement must be considered in the context that the population of the Tatar Khanate was only about 400,000 at the time. (1463-1694) while sources are incomplete, conservative tabulation of the slave raids against the Eastern European population indicate that at least 7 Million European people-men, women, children were enslaved by Muslims.

Sources suggest that in the few years between 1436-1442, some 500,000 people were seized in the Balkans. Many of the captives died in forced marches towards Anatolia (Turkey). Contemporary chronicles note that the Ottomans reduced masses of the inhabitants of Greece, Romania, and the Balkans to slavery eg from Moree (1460)-70,000 and Transylvania (1438) - 60,000-70,000 and 300,000-600,000 from Hungary and 10,000 from Mytilene/Mitilini on Lesbos island (1462) (Bulgaru p 567) and so it continued.

Barbary Slavery
Ohio State University history Professor Robert Davis describes the White Slave Trade as minimized by most modern historians in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800 (Palgrave Macmillan). Davis estimates that 1 million to 1.25 million white Christian Europeans were enslaved in North Africa, from the beginning of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th, by slave traders from Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli alone (these numbers do not include the European people which were enslaved by Morocco and by other raiders and traders of the Mediterranean Sea coast), 16th- and 17th-century customs statistics suggest that Istanbul's additional slave import from the Black Sea may have totaled around 2.5 million from 1450 to 1700. The markets declined after the loss of the Barbary Wars and finally ended in the 1830s, when the region was conquered by France.

In 1544, the island of Ischia off Naples was ransacked, taking 4,000 inhabitants prisoners, while some 9,000 inhabitants of Lipari Island off the north coast of Sicily were enslaved.870 Turgut Reis, a Turkish pirate chief, ransacked the coastal settlements of Granada (Spain) in 1663 and carried away 4,000 people as slaves.

The barbaric slave-raiding activities of the Muslim pirates had a telling effect on Europe. France, England, and Spain lost thousands of ships, devastating to their sea-borne trade. Long stretches of the coast in Spain and Italy were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants until the nineteenth century. The finishing industry was virtually devastated.

Paul Baepler’s White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives lists a collection of essays by nine American captives held in North Africa. According to his book, there were more than 20,000 white Christian slaves by 1620 in Algiers alone; their number swelled to more than 30,000 men and 2,000 women by the 1630s. There were a minimum of 25,000 white slaves at any time in Sultan Moulay Ismail’s palace, records Ahmed ez-Zayyani; Algiers maintained a population of 25,000 white slaves between 1550 and 1730, and their numbers could double at certain times. During the same period, Tunis and Tripoli each maintained a white slave population of about 7,500. The Barbary pirates enslaved some 5,000 Europeans annually over a period of nearly three centuries.

кавказ адыгэ нысащэ (2) -- a circassian wedding in the caucasus --- a soviet era documentary

Syria is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. The name Syria formerly comprised the entire region of the Levant, while the modern state encompasses the site of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, was the seat of the Umayyad Empire and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Empire. Damascus is widely regarded as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Modern Syria was created as a French mandate and attained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was rocky, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949-1970. Syria has been under Emergency Law since 1962, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered non-democratic. The country has been governed by the Baath Party since 1963, although actual power is concentrated to the presidency and a narrow grouping of military and political strongmen. Syria's current president is Bashar al-Assad, who won a referendum on extending his presidency for second term, garnering 97.62 percent of votes in 2007 and is the son of Hafez al-Assad, who held office from 1970 until his death in 2000. Syria has played a major regional role, particularly through its central role in the Arab conflict with Israel, which since 1967 has occupied the Golan Heights, and by active involvement in Lebanese and Palestinian affairs. The population is mainly Sunni Muslim, but with significant Alawite, Shia, Christian and Druze minorities. Since the 1960s, Alawite military officers have tended to dominate the country's politics. Ethnically, some 80% of the population is Arab, and the state is ruled by the Baath Party according to Arab nationalist principles, while approximately 20% belong to the Kurdish, Armenian, Assyrian, Turkmen, and Circassians minorities. ( source Wikipedia ) 

The Republic of Adyghea is in southern Russia. People who live here are called the Adyghes. They say the Adyghes are one of the oldest peoples in the world. Here people still abduct their brides and bridegrooms, never meeting their future spouse’s parents. Here you can find old table-stones and also meet the first female gunsmith in the Northern Caucasus. Find out more about the Adyghes in this report. <br /> <br />Adygea, like many of the North Caucasus is a land defined by its people. Their brand of hospitality, the passion for dancing and their traditions are unique, inspiring and a constant amazement even to a seasoned traveller like James Brown! It's not his first time in the Caucasus, but James Brown can't get enough of it. He always enjoys the fantastic hospitality, ardor for music and dance and amazing cuisine. In Adygea, James looks at the process of a local specialty - Adygean cheese, visits a tea plantation and takes some lessons in local arts and crafts. <br /> <br />SUBSCRIBE TO RTD Channel to get documentaries firsthand! http://bit.ly/1MgFbVy <br /> <br />FOLLOW US <br />RTD WEBSITE: http://RTD.rt.com/ <br />RTD ON TWITTER: http://twitter.com/RT_DOC <br />RTD ON FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/RTDocumentary <br />RTD ON DAILYMOTION http://www.dailymotion.com/rt_doc <br />RTD ON INSTAGRAM http://instagram.com/rt_documentary/ <br />RTD LIVE http://rtd.rt.com/on-air/

Rex and Ranger’s peaceful camping trip does not go as planned when the rest of the League tags along. Rex waits for the perfect time to talk to reveal a dark secret to Ranger while Saturn hides his relationship with Lex. Jewbot goes offline and Cooch learns that she does not do well in nature. © Sony Pictures All Rights Reserved

Breaking News | Turkish president recalls 'Circassian Exile' tragedy
Breaking News | Turkish president recalls 'Circassian Exile' tragedy

Circassian Exile marks invasion of Caucasus by Czarist Russia in 1864 that left hundreds of thousands of people dead By Sarp Ozer ANKARAPresident Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Monday remembered the deportation of Circassian people 154 years ago by Russian empire. In his remembrance message posted on his official Twitter account, Erdogan said: “On the 154th year of 'Circassian Exile', I wish mercy from Allah for my Caucasian brothers and sisters. We did not forget this tragedy and we never will.” Nearl...

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1998, Nalchik, Nord Caucase, Russie. <br />Ilana, 24 ans, travaille dans le garage de son père pour l'aider à joindre les deux bouts. <br />Un soir, la famille et les amis se réunissent pour célébrer les fiançailles de son jeune frère David. <br />Dans la nuit, David et sa fiancée sont kidnappés et une rançon réclamée. <br />Au sein de cette communauté juive repliée sur elle-même, appeler la police est exclu. <br />Comment faire pour réunir la somme nécessaire et sauver David ? <br />Ilana et ses parents, chacun à leur façon, iront au bout de leur choix, au risque de bouleverser l'équilibre familial.

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Adyghe language


00:02:08 1 Dialects
00:03:33 2 Phonology
00:04:59 3 Grammar
00:05:18 4 Alphabet
00:05:29 5 Orthography
00:05:38 5.1 Labialised consonants
00:06:04 5.2 Writing system rules
00:09:28 5.3 Vowels
00:09:53 6 Writing systems
00:10:16 7 Adyghe outside Circassia
00:11:10 8 Publications
00:11:28 9 UNESCO 2009 map of endangered languages
00:12:00 10 Sample text
00:13:27 10.1 Example
00:13:47 11 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Adyghe ( or ; Adyghe: Адыгабзэ, translit. Adygabzæ [aːdəɣaːbza]), also known as West Circassian (КӀахыбзэ, K’axybzæ), is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedug, Hatuqwai, Temirgoy, Mamkhegh, Natekuay, Shapsug, Zhaney and Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect. The language is referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively transliterated in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. The literary language is based on the Temirgoy dialect.
There are apparently around 128,000 speakers of Adyghe in Russia, almost all of them native speakers. In total, some 300,000 speak it worldwide. The largest Adyghe-speaking community is in Turkey, spoken by the post Russian–Circassian War (circa 1763–1864) diaspora; in addition to that, the Adyghe language is spoken by the Cherkesogai in Krasnodar Krai.
Adyghe belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages. Kabardian (also known as East Circassian) is a very close relative, treated by some as a dialect of Adyghe or of an overarching Circassian language. Ubykh, Abkhaz and Abaza are somewhat more distantly related to Adyghe.
The language was standardised after the October Revolution in 1917. Since 1936, the Cyrillic script has been used to write Adyghe. Before that, an Arabic-based alphabet was used together with the Latin. In recent years, use of the Latin script has seen a resurgence, particularly among Circassian Nationalists. Originally unstandardised, all dialects of Adyghe are now included in the ICSLO (Indigenous Caucasian Standard Latin Orthography), providing a standardised Latin script that is gaining popularity. (The ICSLO treats Kabardian as a dialect of Adyghe, so Kabardian-exclusive consonants such as the labiodental ejective fricative are also represented in its Adyghe Latin script.)