Abide Zeki from Fevziye Village Turkey, telling about Fevziye village and how they settled there.
find out more at www.abzakh.com

Hayreddin Pasha (Arabic: خير الدين باشا التونسي‎, Khair al-Din Pasha al-Tunsi, c.1822-1890) was an Ottoman politician who was born to a Circassian family , and became a Grand vizier of Ottoman Tunisia then a Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was a Ottoman Tunisian political reformer during a period of growing European ascendancy. He rose to become the chief minister of the state.

Of Circassian origin, Hayreddin was born in Abkhazia into "a family of warrior notables". His father Hassan Leffch, a local chieftain, died fighting against a Russian attack on the city of Sukhum. Thereafter as a young orphan Hayreddin was sold into slavery, then still a familiar event for Circassian youth. At Istanbul, however, he was eventually traded into a prestigious household, that of the notable Tahsin Bey, a Cypriot Ottoman who was the naqib al-ashraf (head of the Prophet's descendants) and qadi al-'askar (chief judge of the army) of Anatolia, and a poet.

Tahsin Bey moved the boy to his country palace at Kanlica near the Bosporus, where he became the childhood companion of the Bey's son for a span of years. Khayr al-Din received a "first-rate education" which included the Islamic curriculum, also the Turkish language, and perhaps French; yet he was not raised as a mamluk. Following "the son's tragic premature death" Khayr al-Din was again sold, in Istanbul by Tahsin Bey to an envoy of Ahmed Bey of Tunis. This new uprooting would obviously provoke emotional turmoil in Khayr al-Din, then about 17 years old. Soon he was on board a ship bound for Africa.

Circa 1840 Hayreddin became situated at the Bardo Palace, in the court of Ahmad Bey (r.1837-1855), as a mamluk bi-l-saraya [inner palace retainer]. He resumed his high-level studies, mainly at the Bardo Military Academy (al-maktab al-Harbi) a nearby institution newly established by the bey. A key part of his education now was learning to converse in Arabic, also acquaintance with French. At the Husaynid court he abilities were soon recognized; he became favored with the attention and trust of Ahmad Bey. He rose quickly in the elite cavalry, the nucleus of the bey's new army. Moreover, during the 1840s and 1850s he was sent by the Bay on several key diplomatic missions, e.g., to the Ottoman Porte at Istanbul, which was then pursuing its Tanzimat reforms, and to European capitals, including Paris. His political career thus began auspiciously under this famously modernizing ruler.

In 1846 he accompanied the bey, as part of small staff which included the influential advisor Bin Diyaf, during a two-month state visit to France. This trip was of a special cultural and political significant in that the orthodox bey traveled for an extended stay to a non-Islamic country in order to acquire familiarity with its modern methods of operation and governance. The trip "expanded the cultural space deemed acceptable for Muslim rulers." The French took care to show France to advantage; the small Tunisian party was well received by top government officials and leading private citizens. "Having traveled beyond the land of Islam, Ahmad Bey was blessed upon his return to Tunis by the grand mufti." In 1853 Hayreddin was elevated to the highest military grade, commander of the cavalry; he also then became an aide-de-camp of the bey. Yet shortly thereafter he was sent to Paris to arrange a loan for the bey's regime, but where instead he spend four years attempting to reclaim large sums embezzled by the notable Mahmud bin 'Ayyad, former head of the newly created national bank of Tunis, who with foresight had already secured French citizenship. During his years occupied with negotiations in Paris, Hayreddin also managed to browse libraries and bookshops, to improve his French, asking many questions, and to study European society, industry, and finance.
Because of the dire financial situation caused in part by the embezzlement of bin 'Ayyad, the bey's loan did not appear prudent to Hayreddin, according to Prof. Abun-Nasr. Nonetheless, the bey had stifled most political opposition to his financial schemes by long cultivation of the urban ulama and the rural tribal leaders. Due to Hayreddin's passive resistance, however, the loan was still being negotiated when Ahmed Bey died in 1855.

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China has been the global manufacturing hub for decades, but what happens if that goes away? If and when China experiences a significant collapse, someone will have some big shoes to fill, but who can do it?

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Circassian youth today are the most impacted by the ubiquity of globalization, as they are
immersed in diverse societies and cultures that play a significant role in shaping their unique
identities. Hence, it is no surprise that Circassian youth living
in the diaspora face several challenges in attaining and/or
preserving their Circassian identity. Prior to enacting solutions
to help connect youth with their Circassian identities, it is vital
to listen to their concerns and understand their challenges.

Cv DANA RAJAB and TANYA YENAM

Dana Rajab is a first-year medical student at the Queen’s University School of Medicine in Ontario,
Canada. She graduated with a Bachelors of Life Sciences from McMaster University in June 2021. In her undergraduate years, she gained experience conducting both quantitative and qualitative research. Her interests include accessibility, teaching, global health, and working with vulnerable populations.

Taya Yenam is a fourth-year student at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. She is majoring in Legal Studies and aims to pursue a graduate degree in Cybercrime and Surveillance
studies. She currently works as an Adjudicator at an Insurance company and a Research Assistant in the field of legal sociology. Her interests include cybercrime, privacy law and Intellectual Property
law.

Symposium on Circassians in the Diaspora, Istanbul, Turkey 2021

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kabardia

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntP

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Kabardia (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей) was a historical region in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and a somewhat ‘feudal’ social structure. It existed as a political community from the fifteenth century or earlier until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century.

A Lovely Adigabze Poem From A Little Circassian Girl. From the celebrations of the Day Of Repatriates (01.08.2009).

The original video: https://youtu.be/PDkK_rrlAM8?si=FvncPhN6_ZygV9OU
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Asalet ve Nezaketin Timsali Çerkesler
https://www.facebook.com/pages..../Asalet-ve-Nezaketin

Tesnota - Une vie à l'étroit: Trailer HD VO st FR<br /><br />1998, Nalchik, Nord Caucase, Russie. Ilana, 24 ans, travaille dans le garage de son père pour l'aider à joindre les deux bouts. Un soir, la famille et les amis se réunissent pour célébrer les fiançailles de son jeune frère David. Dans la nuit, David et sa fiancée sont kidnappés et une rançon réclamée. Au sein de cette communauté juive repliée sur elle-même, appeler la police est exclu. Comment faire pour réunir la somme nécessaire et sauver David ? Ilana et ses parents, chacun à leur façon, iront au bout de leur choix, au risque de bouleverser l'équilibre familial.<br />

Shocking video shows a car slamming through a children's birthday party in Michigan. An 8-year-old and her 4-year-old brother both lost their lives in the tragedy. The distressing video was played in court during a preliminary hearing for Marshella Chidester. Police say she told them she had one glass of wine 30 minutes before she drove into the party. She also claimed she suffered a seizure. The 66-year-old woman has pleaded not guilty.

In Cooperation with:
The Circassian Cultural Institute

Monday, May 21, 2007
(Official Circassian Memorial Day)

AGENDA

Introduction:
Glen E. Howard
President, The Jamestown Foundation

Opening Remarks
Zack Barsik
President, the Circassian Cultural Institute

MORNING PANEL

The Circassians:

Paul Henze
Rand Corporation (Retired)
"Who are the Circassians? A Historical Perspective on the Circassians and Imperial Russia"

Dr. Kemal Karpat
Director of the Center of Turkish Studies, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison
"The Circassian Migration to Turkey"

Fatima Tlisova
Former North Caucasus Correspondent, Regnum News Agency
"The Circassians Today & the Resurgence of Circassian Nationalism in the North Caucasus"

Glen E. Howard
Moderator

Russia’s Circassian Frontier:

Dr. John Colarusso
McMaster University
Moderator

Ali Berzeg
Executive Director, Circassian Congress Movement, Maikop, Adygeia, Russia
"The Democratic NGO Movement in Adygeia"

Haci Bayram
Human Rights Activist
"NGOs in the North Caucasus & Their Impact on Civil Society & the War in Chechnya"

Dr. Matthew Light
Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst
"The Proposed Merger of Adygeia and Krasnodarskii Krai: Why, Why Now, and What Next?"

Mairbek Vachagaev
Doctoral Candidate Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France
"The Military Jammats in Karachai-Cherkess"

KEYNOTE ADDRESS:

Paul Goble
Professor, Institute of World Politics
"Are the Circassians Again Looking Beyond Their Borders?"

AFTERNOON PANEL

The Circassian Diaspora:

Dr. Kemal Karpat
Director of the Center of Turkish Studies, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Moderator

Dr. Alexandre Toumarkine
Vice Director, The French Research Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
"Where Are the Circassians Today? The Circassian Diaspora in Turkey & the Middle East"

Ziad Hajjo
Circassian-American
"The Circassian Diaspora in America"

CLOSE OF CONFERENCE

1998, Nalchik, Nord Caucase, Russie. <br />Ilana, 24 ans, travaille dans le garage de son père pour l'aider à joindre les deux bouts. <br />Un soir, la famille et les amis se réunissent pour célébrer les fiançailles de son jeune frère David. <br />Dans la nuit, David et sa fiancée sont kidnappés et une rançon réclamée. <br />Au sein de cette communauté juive repliée sur elle-même, appeler la police est exclu. <br />Comment faire pour réunir la somme nécessaire et sauver David ? <br />Ilana et ses parents, chacun à leur façon, iront au bout de leur choix, au risque de bouleverser l'équilibre familial.